Pro and Cons for Electric Car Essay

The most obvious advantage of electric car batteries is that they don’t produce the pollution associated with internal combustion engines. According to the Electric Vehicle Association of Canada, or EVAC, even EVs recharged from coal-powered electric generators cut carbon emission roughly in half. EVs recharged from cleaner forms of electrical power generation, such as hydropower and nuclear plants, can reduce carbon emissions to less than one percent of those currently produced by internal combustion engines. So, even in the worst case scenario, cars operated by EV batteries are cleaner than gas-powered cars. Another important advantage of battery-powered motors over gas-powered engines is the lower cost of the fuel — that is, electricity for EVs and gas for the internal combustion engines. The United States Department of Energy has calculated that a typical EV can run for 43 miles on a dollar’s worth of electricity. Only a substantial drop in the cost of gasoline could give gas-powered cars anywhere near such a low cost per mile. Yet another advantage of these rechargeable batteries is that they recycle well. Almost 100 percent of these batteries can be recycled, which keeps old batteries from becoming a disposal problem. Electric motors have very few moving parts and don’t need fluids such as engine oil, anti-freeze or transmission fluid, so they require relatively little maintenance and are far less likely to leak. Excellent reliability means down time is less likely, too. EVs also run far more quietly than their combustion-powered counterparts which enhances worker health and comfort – a smart move in an era of rising medical costs. The major disadvantage of battery-powered cars is the time required to recharge the batteries. With lithium-ion battery technology, a fully charged EV can travel a distance comparable to an internal combustion engine vehicle with a full tank of gas, but it still needs to be placed on a recharger at the end of that time. At present, this means a drained EV will be out of service for several hours before it’s fully recharged. In the future, faster recharging technology may become available, but in the near term, electric cars won’t be the vehicles of choice for long trips. Another disadvantage of electric car batteries is their weight. Because they need to do more than traditional car batteries, electric car batteries need to be linked together into arrays, or battery packs, to provide additional power. These collections of batteries are heavy. The lithium-ion battery pack in a Tesla Roadster weighs about 1,000 pounds (453. 6 kg). That’s a lot of weight to carry and it can greatly reduce the car’s range. However, the designers of the Roadster have offset this battery weight with a light frame and body panels. The entire car only weighs 2,690 pounds (1220. 2 kg) — not terribly heavy when you consider that more than a third of that weight is battery. Electric cars are a lot more costly than gasoline powered cars within the same range. The Nissan Leaf clocks in at up to $33,000 and the Volt is estimated at $40,000. Both are outrageous priced for hatchbacks with limited room. What? s more, insurance rates will be estimated to be higher for electric cars than gas powered cars due to the danger of running out of power in a bad spot, its higher cost, and the dangers associated with electricity. Lastly, maintenance costs as a result of new technology and developing skills between mechanics makes electric cars even more of a costly proposition. Electric engines will be forever the gas engine? s ugly cousin, with top speeds maxing out at 70 mph (even less for smaller electric vehicles) which make them a poor bet with highway driving. Out running a car to make a quick lane change is going to be a hard bet. Adding to the aggravation of running out of power on the road, it is very difficult to find plug-in stations when driving an all-electric vehicle. Some parks, stores and rest stops have these charging stations, but the driver must do extensive research to find them. Some stations charge you to use the power source.

Factor Influencing Mortar Selection

1 Independent Study Proposal 50731710 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 15 2552 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦. 2 2552 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( ) ( ) ? ( ) Significant factors influencing construction business for instant cement (Dry Mortar Cement) selection. .. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ?. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 ( ) ( 1 – 3) Significant Factors Influencing Construction Business for Instant Cement (Dry Mortar Cement) Selection (Chapter 1 -3) 50731710 .. ? 3 1 â€Å" † ? ? ? 8 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 55. 36 ? 30 1-2 ?.?. 2551 1. 8% 2. ( ) 27% 4 3. 4. 5. 6. ( ) 18% ( ) 9% ( ) 4% 4% ? ( ) 3 8 3 1. SMC ( ) 2. ( ) SCCC 3. ( ) TPI-PL ? 5 ( ) 3 13 ? ? 1 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 ? ( ) ( ) ( ) 115,000 113,013 -1,988 -1. 73% 200,000 178,763 -21,237 -10. 62% 260,000 166,207 -93,793 -36. 07% 330,000 400,000 1 1 2 3 6 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 SMC ( ) TPI-PL ( ) SCCC ( ) ( ) 1,530,000 603,738 371,943 113,013 441,307 1,630,000 682,807 436,025 178,763 332,405 1,730,000 739,575 513,810 166,207 310,408 1,850,000 1,970,000 2 SMC 39. 46% 41. 89% 42. 75% TPI-PL 24. 31% 26. 75% 29. 70% SCCC 7. 39% 10. 97% 9. 61% 28. 84% 20. 39% 17. 94% 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 3 ? 7 ? 1. 2. 3. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 1. 2. ? 3. 1. ?.?. 2549 2. ? ? 3. 8 1. (1450 ? C) 2. ? 9 2 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (Organization Buying) Marketing Mix) 4 1. (Sole proprietorship) (Allyn and Bacon, 1987) ? 10 ( , 2549) ? 2. (Limited Partnership) (Allyn and Bacon, 1987) (Limited partnership) ? 1 ? ? ( , 2549) (Limited partnership) 2 ? ? 11 3. (Corporation) (Straub/Attner, 1985) ? ( , 2549) 7 ? ? ? ? ? 12 4. ( ) (Public Company) ( , 2552) ?.?.?. ?.?. ? ? 535 ? ? ? ( ) Public Limited Company ? Plc PLC (Public Limited Company) private Pcl PCL (Public Company Limited) ?. 15 5 ? ?. 100 0. 6 50 ? ? ? 10 ?. 5 20 100 ? (Trewatha Newport, 1982) ? ? 4 (.. , 2552) ? ? 13 1 2 ? 3 1. â€Å" † ? 2. 14 3. ? ? ? ? 1. 2. 3. 3 4. 5. 2 ? 6. ? 4 1. (Top Management) ? 2. (Manager) 2 15 3. (Frontline manage or Supervisor or Group leader) (Foreman) 1 ? 4. (Staff) 4 ? 1. 2. 3. 4. ? ? ( . , 2552) ? ( ) 8 1. 1 9 2. 2 9 3. 1 10 4. 2 9 5. 8 16 6. 9 7. 15 ? 8. 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 4 4 10 10 50 50 100 100 1,000 1,000 (Organization Buying) (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller, 2006) 1. 17 2. 3. ? 3 ? 1. (Straight re-buy) ? 2. (Modified re-buy) ? ? 3. (New task) (Awareness) (Interest) (Evaluation) (Trial) (Adoption) ? 8 ? (Buying Center) 7 1. (Initiators) 2. (Users) 3. (Influencers) 4. (Deciders) 5. (Approvers) 6. (Buyers) 19 7. (Gatekeepers) ? ? ? ? 4 ? 2 1. (Environmental factors) ? ? 20 2. (Organization factors) ? ? (Purchasing-department upgrading) (Centralized purchasing) (Decentralized purchasing) Long contract) (Purchasing performance evaluation and buyer’s professional development) 3. (Interpersonal factors) ? ? ? 4. (Individual factors) ? ? ? 21 ? ? ? ( , 2541) ? 8 1. (Problem recognition) ? 2. (General need description) ? 1 3. (Product specification) 4. (Supplier search) ? 5. (Proposal solicitation) 6. (Supplier selection) ? ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. 22 ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. ?. . (Order routine specification) ? 8. (Performance review) (Marketing Mix) (Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller. 2006) ? 4 23 Four Ps ( ) (Product), (Price), (Place) (Promotion) 3 (Product) (Attention) Acquisition) (Using) (Consumption) ? 5 24 1. (Core Product) ? 2. Generic Product) 3. (Expected Product) 4. (Augmented Product) ? ? ? 5. (Potential Product) ? ? ? 5 ? 1. Tangible Product) ? ? ? (Consumer goods) (Industrial goods) (Consumer goods) 25 (End User) (Industrial goods) ? 2. (Intangible Product) ? (Service) ? ? (Price) 2 26 1. (Company Objective) 2. (Character of Product) 1. (Demand) 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. ? 6 1. (Total Revenue) 2. (Profit) ? 3. (Quantity) ? 4. (Competition) 27 5. (Social) 6. (Image) ? (Place) ? (End User) (Industrial User) (Transfer Point) ? 1. 2. 3. 4. ( ) 5. 6. ?. 28 ?. ?. 7. ( ) ?. ?. ? ? ?. ? ?. ? (Promotion) ? 4Cs ? 29 1. (Advertising) ? 5Ms ?. (Mission) ?. (Money) ?. (Message) ?. (Media) ?. (Measurement) 2. (Sales Promotion) ? ? 3 ?. (Communication) ?. (Incentive) ? ?. Invitation) 3. (Public Relation) ? (Marketing Public Relation, MPR) ?. (Launch new products) ?. (Repositioning) 30 ?. ?. ?. ?. ? 4. (Personal Selling) 3 ?. ? (Personal Confrontation) ?. ? (Cultivation) ?. (Response) 5. (Direct Marketing) (Direct Mail) (Telemarketing) 4 ? ?. (Nonpublic) ?. (Customized) ?. (Up-to-date) ?. (Interactive) 31 (2544) 20-29 30-39 6-10 ? (2545) , ? 32 (2545) 30-39 ? 20,000-29,999 ? ? ? (2548) ? ? ? 30-39 10,000 3 10 ? ? 33 ( ) ? ? ? ? ? 34 4 5 35 1. 2. 3. 4. 36 3 ? 1. (Primary Data) 2. Secondary Data) ? 1. ? ? 37 2. ? (Infinite population) n = N / (1+N. e2) n N e 10 % 0. 1 ? 90% 100 ? 1 2 3 38 (Pretest) ( ) 30 (Validity) (Difficulty) (Usability) ? (Reliability) 1. (Validity) ? (Content Validity) (Construct Validity) 2. Difficulty) ? 3. (Usability) 4. (Reliability) ? 39 (Reliability) (Pre-test) 30 ? Alpha _________ 1. (Non-Probability Sampling) (Convenient Sampling) ? 2. – 2552 08. 00 – 17. 00 ?. 2 100 1. (Editing) 2. (Coding) 40 3. 5 = = = = = 5 4 3 2 1 4.

Autism

Not every child with autism will have a language problem. A childs ability to communicate will vary, depending upon his or her intellectual and social development. Some children with autism may be unable to speak while others may have rich vocabularies and be able to talk about specific subjects in great detail. Most children with autism have little or no problem pronouncing words. The majority, however, have difficulty using language effectively, especially when they talk to other people.Many have problems with the meaning and withy of words and sentences. There are some patterns of language use and behaviors that are often found in children with autism. Firstly, they use repetitive or rigid language. Children with autism who can speak will say things that have no meaning or that seem out of context in conversations with others. For example, a child may continuously repeat words he or she has heard or keep asking the same question. In addition, some children with autism may also speak In a high-pitched tone or use robot-like voice.Secondly, children with autism usually have narrow interests and exceptional abilities. Some children may be able to deliver an In-depth monologue about a topic that holds their Interest, even though they may not be able to carry on a two-way conversation about the same topic. Some have musical talents or an advanced ability to count and do math calculations. Approximately 10 percent of children with autism show extremely high abilities In specific areas, such as calendar calculation, music, or math.Thirdly, they normally have uneven language development. Many children with autism develop some speech and language skills, UT not to a normal level of ability, and their progress are usually uneven. For example, they may develop a strong vocabulary In a particular area of Interest very quickly. Many children have good memories for Information Just heard or seen. Some children may be able to read words before 5 years of age, but they may not comprehend what they have read.They often do not respond to the speech of others and may not respond to their own names. As a result, children with autism sometimes are mistakenly thought to have a hearing problem. Lastly, they have poor nonverbal conversation skills. Children with autism are often unable to use gestures In their speech. They often avoid eye contact, which can make them seem rude, uninterested, or Inattentive. Without meaningful gestures or the language to communicate, many children with autism become frustrated In their attempts to make their feelings and needs known.They may act out their frustrations through vocal outbursts or other Inappropriate behaviors. Autism By focuses question. In addition, some children with autism may also speak in a high-pitched interests and exceptional abilities. Some children may be able to deliver an in-depth monologue about a topic that holds their interest, even though they may not be able of children with autism show extremely high abilities in specific areas, such as example, they may develop a strong vocabulary in a particular area of interest very quickly.Many children have good memories for information Just heard or seen. Some in their speech. They often avoid eye contact, which can make them seem rude, uninterested, or inattentive. Without meaningful gestures or the language to communicate, many children with autism become frustrated in their attempts to vocal outbursts or other inappropriate behaviors.

US deprartment of health and human services Research Paper

US deprartment of health and human services - Research Paper Example Public Health Service agencies and three of them belong to the Human Services. With the help of these operating agencies and the effectual programs, the HHS focuses on providing high levels of health quality and necessary human services all over the nation (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services n.d.). HHS was established on 11 April, 1953 as the Department of Health, Education and Welfare to broaden the horizons of health and human services standards in U.S.A. It also has one of the largest budget records with administration of more grant dollars than any other Federal agency (Okray 2010). The historical development of the department, its major goals and mission statement along with the basic structure of the department are included in the research paper. Furthermore, HHS provides a dynamic career opportunity for the health professionals with a plethora of professional positions. HHS performs and assists various health related activities nationwide for the better good of the Americans. With a mission statement of providing necessary human services and protecting the health of Americans nationwide, the HHS constitutes 40 percent of the United States federal government’s expenditure (Department of Health and Human Services n.d.). These functions include research work in the medical and social science area of study and the necessary preventive measures to control the spread of infectious disease outbreaks. Another important function is to ensure the usage and administration of healthy food and safe drugs nationwide. HHS also focuses on programs for the support of child education, health and support for disabled children. Maternal and child health enforcement and provision of pre-school academic services are also included in the plan of HHS. Child abuse and domestic violence are two significant social problems prevalent in U.S. The HHS also supports progr ams that work

Video Games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Games - Essay Example With this, the company is also armed with more significant information relative to its competitors. The company capitalizes on its patent-pending technology and a wide network of exclusive publishers and developers. Massive is also capitalizes on the capability and experience of its management team, wide network, innovative ideas, and technological capability. The announcement of Microsoft last May formalized its acquisition of the in-game advertising pioneer. With its being a subsidiary of Microsoft, this brand equity is further enhanced while also increasing its reach and scope. Weaknesses. Prior to the acquisition by Microsoft, the major weakness of Massive Incorporated lies in its financial capability. As a start-up, the company lacked the much-needed financing to back its research and development program. It was also hard to take the risk of releasing new products without the financial muscle to back it up. Relative to its competitors, Massive lacks the capability of customizing it product offerings like what is being offered by Double Fusion. As opposed to IGA Worldwide, Massive's products are only applicable on a single platform. Opportunities.

Guns law in the united states Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Guns law in the united states - Essay Example â€Å"†¦a well regulated Militia†¦,† to argue that the amendment meant that it is states and not citizens that have the right to use arms for self-defense. The U.S. Supreme Court has in instances used the collective rights approach and in other instances, the Court has favored the individual right approach. When the Court upholds a collective rights approach, it gives the government the authority to regulate firearm without implicating the Second Amendment. Upholding the individual right approach denies a government the authority to deny citizens the right to possess firearms (Kwon et al 41). Federal laws relating to the regulation of firearms are contained in the chapter forty four of the U.S. Constitution. The federal law prohibits the possession of guns that have serial numbers showing they were manufactured after May 19, 1986 but with exceptions. It is prohibited under federal law to carry short-barreled shotguns, short-barreled rifles, machine guns, silencers and destructive devices unless registered with the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record. Federal law prohibits the possession of firearms by persons including felons, fugitives, users and addicts of controlled substances, mentally defective, illegal aliens, dishonorably discharged from the armed forces, those who renounce U.S. citizenship and those convicted of domestic violence. The commerce of firearms with prohibited persons is prohibited under federal law. Use of firearm in drug trafficking or in the commission of a crime of violence is prohibited under federal law. Under the Brady Act, the fe deral law requires law enforcement officials to conduct background checks before the purchase of handguns. In addition, the federal law prohibits the possession of guns by juveniles less than eighteen years of age. It is also illegal under the federal law to possess a gun in a school (Spitzer 34). There are some gun laws that are common to a number of states and there are gun laws that are

Chinese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Chinese - Essay Example By stealing the sword, Jade Fox a woman who is acquainted with Wudang skills is accused of stealing it, though she only stole it to show her kung fu martial arts are better. However, the film also presents in a complete elaborate details of all the levels of life, love and life. Through Jens, the real life and the real life situations that occur in the daily life, we find Jen portraying the same effect (Seto, Lu, and Ming). Li mu bai is not only an accomplished swordsman but also a martial artist and a main character in the film. He has a sword, The Green Destiny Sword, which is a renowned sword due to its superiority in a fight as well as its grace. The sword has been for about 400-years of which it has some special powers. His artistic martial arts were at a high level and he had practiced in the Wudan School of sword fighting which is well known throughout China. Unfortunate for him, he has been trying all through to find the person who murdered his master, whom Jade Fox had killed. This being his target mission was for him to complete his destined life, and all that he goes through, the training, the fights and all the obstructions that he has faced in his life are solely related to the special sword. He fails to find the person and he is tired of the continuous fighting of search where he resorts to rest and live the ways of a warrior. It is then that he decides to hand over the sword to Yu Shu Li en so that she could deliver it and present it like a gift to one of their friends known as Sir Te. Li Mu Bai explains that the sword has or holds too much memories of his past and thus his wish is to retire in peace. However, it li mu bai loves Shu lien and that is not deniable because both have feelings for each other though they never acknowledge it or act it out (Seto, Lu, and Ming). Shu-lien is as wudan expert and a martial artist. She was married to Meng, the classmate to Mu bai and who was murdered in the

Research of self-defence case Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of self-defence case - Research Paper Example The government view is that, after Belcher confronted Suber, he went ahead, retrieved a gun from Brown and began shooting Suber with no excuse. the state affirms that the killing has to be unlawful and thus instructs the jury that the malice be inferred for the use of the deadly weapon (California Center for Research and Education in Government 86). The states stress that courts have been bestowed powers to settle fixtures in the criminal systems of the company. 2) What is the prosecutor's point of view? From the prosecutor’s point of view, Belcher is guilty and has two counts of charges to answer. One of the charges is that Belcher committed murder while the second one is the possession of the illegal firearm. The prosecutor finds sufficient evidence to believe that Belcher committed the heinous act, it is for this reason that the prosecutor instructs the jury to convict Belcher for murder and the illegal possession of the firearm. The prosecutor refers the charges with respe ct to Belcher’s murder reiterating that his act contravenes the state law regarding human conduct. According to the prosecutor, Murder is the unlawful killing with malice, which may be inferred by the deadly weapons or from the circumstances that may be proved by the state. According to the prosecutor, the law presumes malice from the homicide and therefore Belcher is guilty of the offense. However, the prosecutor does not take the step of prosecuting Belcher. In his response to the judgment of the jury that warrants the jury to charge Belcher for murder and voluntary manslaughter, the prosecutor finds the inference of malice regarding the use of the deadly weapon as no longer being a good law in South Carolina. He therefore makes a ruling that Belcher’s convictions be reversed and remand for a new trial to begin. The prosecutor arrives at this verdict owing to the conflicting testimonies presented at the pretrial chamber. 3) What is the element of the crime? The eleme nts of the crime are the use of the deadly weapon and malice. However, the evidence of self-defense and malice are presented with respect to this case. The evidence of malice in this case is evidenced by Belcher’s use of handgun. It is however, perceived that the notion of charging malice by the use of the deadly weapon is harmless. This makes the case complicated. 4) What is the issue inference, Mens Rea, Actus Res, or Presumptuous? The issue inference here is the Suber’s murder subject to malice. Belcher portrays the Actus reas in his submission of evidence when he states that, his decision to shoot Suber was an attempt to defend him (West Publishing Company 270). The evidence provided is presumptuous and thus fail to catch the prosecutor’s admissibility. It is therefore, upon the jury’s decision to make valid ruling regarding the pursuance of justice. It is important to note that presumption is not applicable when the circumstances and facts related to the homicide are disclosed in evidence in a manner that it draws a conclusion of malice. Presumptions are used as substitutes when theirs is a lack of direct proof. In Belcher’s case, presumption is employed owing to lack of sufficient evidence. 5) What was the previous Law? It emerges that the prosecution embraced the Bishop criminal law previously. Subject to this law, the inference of malice was drawn from the use of deadly weapons especially in the act of

The Evolution of Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Evolution of Jazz - Essay Example This practice ended before the slaves were emancipated, but remains a contributing factor to the music. African music, combined with European influences, resulted in jazz. Creoles were not free from French and Spanish rule until the Louisiana Purchase was signed in 1803. They came from the Caribbean and were an educated, upper class group, some of whom played at the Opera House. Segregation laws were enforced in 1894 and the creoles were pushed to the poor side of the city. Their musical styles mixed and brought jazz to life. Numerous Creoles, along with African-Americans who were recently freed from slavery, often made their way by performing. Racial segregation was rampant, but so "was the powerful and constant desire of the American Negro to make his mark, to belong, to participate effectively in a predominantly white culture. And music was one of the few avenues to fame and fortune" (Stearns, 55). African-Americans commonly joined vaudeville and minstrel shows, employed as musicians, magicians, comedians, acrobats, actors, and dancers - sometimes burlesque. Others played music on the piano, which came to be called ragtime, in bars and brothels. Storyville of New Orleans became the epicenter of early jazz. Then brasses, drums, and reeds, played by marching bands at funerals, became traditional jazz instruments. Self-taught bands commonly performed in traveling vaudeville shows, which spread the music farther both North and West of Louisiana. "By 1920, according to Frederic Ramsey, Jr., there were over forty outstanding jazzmen from New Orleans to Chicago. Looking back, it now seems almost like a family affair. And in a sense, it was; for the general public and even white jazzmen knew almost nothing about it" (Stearns, 164). That year, the Jazz Age was just beginning, and not everyone was happy about it. Prohibition began that year. An onslaught of speakeasies opened and jazz was a major part of the upbeat entertainment inside of them. Soon enough, jazz was viewed as a threat to old-fashioned values and considered immoral by many. The music lasted through controversy; " the 'twenties were the crucial years during which jazz established itself for better or for worse. Certain patterns emerged during these years, patterns which help explain how jazz grew and spread, and hence the nature of the music. Of all the technological advances - the phonograph, radio, microphone, talking picture, juke-box, and television - which hastened and shaped the spread of jazz, the phonograph is by far the most important single factor" (Stearns, 190). Caucasians helped to popularize the genre when they adapted it themselves, but they couldn't take over it. Though it took time for African-American musicians to take advantage of the phonograph, the opportunity finally arrived in 1922. Kid Ory's Original Creole Jazz Band became the first African-American group to record their music. Over twenty subgenres developed in the decades to follow. Swing, bebop, dixieland, gypsy, cool, and soul jazz are only a handful of them. Performers chose one and made their marks. "Battles of music, once known as 'carving contests', have occurred frequently in the history of jazz... The first and archetypical legend in jazz is the life of Charles 'Buddy' Bolden, who never lost a carving contest. He was almost eight years old before the dances at Congo Square