Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech

Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech Locution and Etymologically Related Terms About Speech By Mark Nichol Locution, meaning â€Å"style of speech† (in the sense of the art of speaking), stems from the Latin word loqui, meaning â€Å"to speak.† Here are the other words in English based on the Latin term, and their meanings. A colloquy (literally, â€Å"speaking together†) is a conversation or a conference; the related term colloquium refers to a formal meeting consisting of one or more addresses by experts followed by a question-and-answer session. Interestingly, the adjective form colloquial has the antonymic senses of â€Å"informal† and â€Å"conversational.† Words with the same root form include soliloquy (literally, â€Å"speaking alone†), the word for a monologue in a play in which a character shares his or her thoughts, as well as obloquy, which can mean â€Å"harsh criticism† or can refer to the condition of being criticized or discredited. Meanwhile, ventriloquy, a variation of ventriloquism (literally, â€Å"speaking from the stomach†), denotes the practice of deceiving an audience for entertainment by speaking in such a way that the audience believes the voice is coming from another source, usually a puppet manipulated by the ventriloquist to appear to be talking. (A more obscure meaning is â€Å"expressing oneself through another,† especially as a writer does by having a fictional character represent his or her attitudes or beliefs.) Grandiloquence (literally, â€Å"large speaking†) is a familiar term for a bombastic or pompous form of speaking, but a less well-known synonym is magniloquence (literally, â€Å"great speaking†), and vaniloquence (literally, â€Å"vain speaking†), which refers to foolish talk, is related in both formation and meaning. Somniloquence (literally, â€Å"sleep talking†), however, is a neutral word meaning â€Å"talking in one’s sleep.† The difference between the meanings of eloquence and loquacity is a distinction between quality and quantity; an eloquent speaker is an effective one, but a loquacious one is merely talkative. Interlocutor might be perceived as meaning â€Å"one who interrupts,† but it simply (and neutrally) refers to a fellow participant in a conversation (interlocution literally means â€Å"speaking between†). However, circumlocution (which literally means â€Å"speaking around†) connotes a judgment: a circumlocutory person speaks evasively or verbosely. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers10 Types of Transitionsâ€Å"Least,† â€Å"Less,† â€Å"More,† and â€Å"Most†

Hemingways Works Essays - Literature, American Literature, Fiction

Hemingway's Works Essays - Literature, American Literature, Fiction Hemingway's Works Ernest Hemingway pulled from his past present experiences to develop his own thoughts concerning death, relationships, and lies. He then mixed these ideas, along with a familiar setting, to create a masterpiece. One such masterpiece written early in Hemingway's career is the short story, Indian Camp. Indian Camp was originally published in the collection of in Our Time in 1925. A brief summary reveals that the main character, a teenager by the name of Nick, travels across a lake to an Indian village. While at the village Nick observes his father, who is a doctor, deliver a baby to an Indian by caesarian section. As the story continues, Nick's father discovers that the newborn's father has committed suicide. Soon afterward Nick and his father engage in a discussion about death, which brings the story to an end. With thought and perception a reader can tell the meaning of the story. The charters of Nick and his father resemble the relationship of Hemingway and his father. Hemingway grew up in Oak Park, a middle class suburb, under the watchful eye of his parents, Ed and Grace Hemingway. Ed Hemingway was a doctor who occasionally took his son along on professional visits across Walloon Lake to the Ojibway Indians during summer vacations (Waldhorn 7). These medical trips taken by Ernest and Ed would provide the background information needed to introduce nick and his father while on their medical trip in Indian Camp. These trips were not the center point of affection between Ed and Ernest, but they were part of the whole. The two always shared a close father-son bond that Hemingway often portrayed in his works: Nick's close attachment to his father parallels Hemingway's relationship with Ed. The growing boy finds in the father, in both fiction and life, not only a teacher-guide but also a fixed refuge against the terrors of the emotional and spiritual unknown as they are encountered. In his father Ernest had someone to lean on (Shaw 14). In Indian Camp, nick stays in his father's arms for a sense of security and this reinforces their close father-son relationship. When Nick sees the terror of death, in the form of suicide, his father is right there to comfort him. From this we are able to see how Nick has his father to, physically and mentally, lean on, much like Hemingway did (Shaw 11). Hemingway's love for his father was not always so positive though, and he often expressed his feelings about his situation though his literature. When Hemmingway was young, his father persuaded him to have his tonsils removed by a friend, Dr. Wesley Peck. Even though it was Dr. Peck who performed the painful operation, Hemingway always held it against his father for taking out his tonsils without an anaesthetic (Meyers 48). Hemingway saw the opportunity to portray his father in Indian Camp as the cold-hearted man who had his tonsils yanked out without anaesthetic. In a reply to Nick's question about giving the Indian woman something to stop screaming, his father states, No. I haven't any anaestheticBut her screams are not important. I don't hear them because they are not important. (Tessitore 18) Hemingway lashed out at his father one more time before the story ends. In Indian Camp, Hemingway uses the conversation between Nick and his father, concerning the suicide of the Indian, to show his distaste for his own father's suicide: 'Why did he kill himself, Daddy?' 'I don't know Nick.' 'He couldn't stand things, I guess.' 'Do many men kill themselves, Daddy?' 'Not very many, Nick' 'Is dying hard, Daddy?' 'No, I think its pretty easy, Nick. It all depends.' (Hemingway 19) Hemingway saw his father as a weak working man who served his wife, Grace, unconditionally. Ed worked a full day to come home to clean house, prepare food, and tend to the children. He had promised Grace that if she would marry him, she would not have to do housework for as long as he lived. Ill and depressed, Ed committed suicide in 1928. Hemingway later referred to the situation by stating: I hated my mother as soon as I knew the score and loved my father until he embarrassed me with his cowardiceMy mother is an all time all American bitch and she

Management and Leadership in Sport Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and Leadership in Sport - Case Study Example The existence of the above attributes cannot lead to the assumption that a CEO is successful within a particular organization. However, it can be a positive indicator of his/ her professionalism and his/ her willing for success. Current paper examines particularly the issue of leadership in sports. The particular characteristics of management in the specific industry cannot be doubted. For this reason, it is necessary that all appropriate measures are taken in advance by the leader in the relevant organizations in order to avoid any potential failure or threat against the firm's interests. One of the main aspects of management in sport is the administration of funds granted by various organizations and institutions. Regarding this issue Chadwick et al. (2005, 328) stated that "sponsorships are failing because corporations do not recognize that they are complex and challenging to manage; in this context a failure to professionally manage sponsorships still poses a threat to their effectiveness". It should be noticed however that because of the complexity of tasks involved in the sport management, a series of appropriate models and theories are available to individuals that are interested in activating in the relevant sector. One of the main issues that need to be addressed when involving in sport management, is the management of risk which is closely related with the specific industrial sector. For this reason, Bennett et al. (2001) proposed the implementation of a crisis-management plan (CMP) "that is understood and regularly practiced by all staff members" (2001, 27) and that "could prove invaluable in the event of an actual crisis; since it is impossible to conduct a physical-activity program that is 100 percent risk free, all programs should have an appropriate CMP covering a wide range of potential crises" (Bennett et al., 2001, 27). However, in many cases risk in sports appears unexpectedly with no time for preparation or for application of an appropriate plan of activation. In these cases, successful leader would be able to effectively adapt the elements of the CMP to the conditions of the particular case so that for the problem to be resolved on time. In accordance with the above an appropriate c risis-management plan should be available within every short organization and should be applied when external events or unexpected changes occur that need to be handled immediately. In such a situation the competencies of the leader will be 'expressed' offering to the organization the chance to survive and be developed. Regarding the above it should be noticed that "the primary goal of crisis-management planning is to develop comprehensive, written contingency plans that are based on existing resources and operational capabilities and that will enable staff members to deal with crises effectively" (Bennett et al., 2001, 27). In other words, the above plans should be appropriately designed in order to meet the needs of the particular sport organization while their performance should be closely monitored in order to evaluate their

Employer's Duty of Care and Issues of Compensation Assignment

Employer's Duty of Care and Issues of Compensation - Assignment Example If the instructions are not stated clearly, the employee may act in good faith to fulfill a particular duty of obedience. This should be done in a manner that is reasonable especially considering the existing circumstances at that particular moment. Jake has been employed on a contract basis as certified auto mechanic at the Rally motors. This therefore means that Jake may perform any job assigned to him by his employer provided the job is reasonable. Even as Jake performs the job assigned to him, he is aware of what is expected of him by the federal or state regulations. Basing on the movie, one can comfortably say that Jake’s actions are within his scope of employment. The current job of oil change is, most likely, not what Jake expected as he entered into an employment agreement with Herman. Instead it is a promotional offer invented by Herman to attract more customers as he says that as the customers’ cars are being serviced, the customers get a chance to check out the new car models. So Jake may argue that as far as what is expected of him in terms of standards is concerned, his actions are within his scope of employment (Goss, 2004). It may be argued that every employee has an obligation to perform his duties as directed by his employer. Such arguments may be as a result shortsightedness in terms of the potential impacts it may have on the business in the future. In this case, for example, customers expect a fully serviced vehicle from the service department especially if the service personnel like Jake are certified. So, it is Jake’s responsibility to do thorough service work on the customers’ vehicles and this includes checking and where possible servicing the tires, brakes and transmission as would be expected of a certified auto mechanic (Murolo & Chitty, 2001). This ensures that the vehicle is safe for driving by the customer. If a vehicle from the service centre gets involved in an accident and the resultant victim, be it the customer or another third party, sues the service company, the company might be forced to compensate for the loss or damage incurred. This might destroy the company’s reputation and also bring the competencies of the auto mechanics involved, like Jake, into question. Another perspective would be for Jake to identify if there is something wrong with any part of the vehicle that might pose a safety risk and make it his duty to inform the customer and recommend for him/her the necessary or appropriate repairs to be made. If the extra work Jake is doing on the customers’ vehicles is not paid for and therefore does not generate any further income for his employer, then it would appear that he is violating his duty obedience. This can be clearly seen when Herman tells him that his work is to change the oil but not to fix other parts of the vehicle, an action that finally results into overcrowding of the customers’ vehicles. Considering these two perspectives, the question whether or not Jake acted within the scope of his employment becomes complicated and hence one that can only be satisfactorily handled by a jury. Question 2: Explain whether or not Herman

Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism Assignment

Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism - Assignment Example The paper "Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism" examines various artists and their art styles, the depiction of different subject matter, influence of art to everyday life and history. The focus of this study is on Neoclassicism and Romanticism to Realism and Impressionism in Europe and The United States. In Goya’s work, â€Å"Third of May†, the victims are placed in the center of the canvas, and flooded with piercing white light that jumps out at the viewer. The victims are surrounded in blood red, yellow ochre and highlighting white, while the soldiers remain faceless and shrouded in subdued colors of black and grey. Artistic statements that go against the conservative grain or the status quo relating to religion, sexual and gender rights, politics, war, erotica, or portrayals of violence usually stand a good chance of offending some segment of society that wants to silence any voice that opposes them. The most memorable artist of late to embody thes e threats is Robert Mapplethorpe. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Mapplethorpe had a very broad portfolio of work, but it was his images of erotica and sexual expression that caused controversy and legal scandal in the United States and abroad in England. Mapplethorpe’s graphic images were included in an exhibit that had been funded by the National Endowment For The Arts, which caused an uproar to many who claimed that taxpayer money was being used to fund potentially obscene.His images of defecation became the center of many legally heated discussions

The world of programming Essay Example for Free

The world of programming Essay In the world of programming today, open source is one world that has made a great impact all around the world. Programmers all over the world have two completely different schools of thoughts. One of them states that the technology should be easy to use, and less functions that can be programmed easily, whereas on the other hand, second school of thoughts propose that there has to be high amount of flexibility regardless of the fact, how much the programming or coding scenario gets complex. The open source refers to the technology that has all the ingredients taken in a programming language disclosed, or in other words a programmer discloses what he has performed during his development of software. The article that is discussed in this paper has the title â€Å"Build Your Own Messaging Application in Java with jYMSG†. The technology that is referred in this article is Java based, which is an open source. The social network evolution has changed a lot of trend and instant messaging has become an essential part of everyday life. The referred article discuses a new integration of Java technology with Yahoo Instant Messenger. Java is a platform independent technology that can run from a Mac book to a cell phone to home computers and laptops. The integration of this technology can be very useful because people can be in touch with their friends on yahoo messenger regardless if they are using a laptop or a computer or any other device. This increases the creation of values as the needs of individuals are fulfilled through development of an open source Yahoo messenger based on Java technology. Hence the third principle of reshaping is fulfilled over here. References Kulvir Singh Bhogal, (2006). Build Your Own Messaging Application in Java with jYMSG. Retrived from http://www. devx. com/Java/Article/22546/1954

Identifying Leadership Theories And Applying Reflection Nursing Essay

Identifying Leadership Theories And Applying Reflection Nursing Essay There are almost as many different definitions of leadership as there are persons who have attempted to define the concept ( Stodill, 1974:p.259).   Dubrin (2000) states that there 35,000 definitions of leadership in academic literature (Pye, 2005: p.32). Leadership is an art a performing art and the instrument is the self.   The mastery of the art of leadership comes from the mastery of the self .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jim Kouzes Gary Yukl in his sixth edition of Leadership In Organizations hope that, his book has seeded many ideas and questions, which will grow in the classroom , but more importantly, will find fuller meaning and come to life when the reader is engaged in the practice of leadership at work. When thinking about leadership styles one thing to consider is what defines a good leader.   Hood (2010) suggests that an effective leader influences and encourages others to achieve goal setting and goal attainment.   A good leader recognizes that there is always something new to learn.   Effective leaders set direction, build commitment and confront challenges through clear communication and soliciting staff feedback (http://www.oppaper.com/Leadership-Roles-In-Nursing).   Carroll (2005) proposed the following six most important attributes for nursing leaders: personal integrity, strategic vision and personal survival attributes,, management and technical competencies, people skills team-building and communication skills , and. action orientation It is clear so far that the definition of leadership depends on whom you ask.   Houser Player ( 2004 ) concluded in their study, amoung a dozen of nurse leaders as, nurse leaders did share common characteristics such as thoughtful, responsive, committed, creative, resilient, visionary, scholarly, courageous and innovative.   Tan (2006) means the idea of leadership as, influencing followers to do what is necessary to achieve organizational and societal goals. Two types of leadership are particularly relevant for nurse leaders.   Transformational leadership authentic leadership (Clark, 2009, p.17).   In transformal leadership mainly three elements contribute to help nurse leaders to create a tone and standard of practice for healthy work environment are Effective communication, collaborative relationships and shared decision making among nurses (Heath, Johanson et al, 2004).   American Association of Critical-care Nurses (2005) made a commitment to promote healthy work environment in the bias of authentic leadership are safe, healing, humane and respectful for patient, their families and nurses.   They concluded in their study as it is not too easy to become an authentic leader, moreover, it needs higher levels of organizational support. Perhaps It is identified in their study that authentic leadership as one of the six standards that are crucial to creating and sustaining healthy work environment. Among health care professionals, nurses are especially aware of the importance of reflective practice (Duffy, 2007; Manthey, 2001 et al).   Just as important is the practice of reflective leadership (Deutsch Sherwood, 2008).   By Oestreich (2009) reflective leaders are critically aware of how they connect with others, where they are in the progress of their own and organizational goals and how they are opening paths for clear Communication and goal fulfillment.   Drucker (1996, p.9) states that, great leaders have to walk alone sometimes. such aloneness can facilitate reflection.   Qualitative researchers speak of participant observation as a method of more distant reflection. Reflection benefits the individual leader, but more than that, can become spread with in the organization. Transformal leadership has been evidenced to be positively associated with followers commitment to improvement and change (Herold, Fedor et al., 2008).One of the important characteristics of a transformal leader is reflection (Marshall Coughlin,2010). Reflective Practice was introduced by Donald Schon in his book The Reflective Practitioner in 1983.   There are different models of reflection in practice.   In that I would like to discuss about the two models of reflection Gibbs model, 1988 Johns model, 1995.      GIBBS MODEL OF REFLECTION 1988 Gibbs model is a cyclic process of reflection, in that a practitioner describes the experience and must evaluate and analysis of how they were feeling during the experience.   By the evaluation and analysis of the emotions associated with the situation give the practitioner a chance to understand the situation and come to a conclusion of what else could be done, or what other options could have been taken.   Most importantly,in Gibbs model of reflection the final stage is the formulation of action plan, that give an idea about what actions would be taken if the situation happened again (W http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflective_practice). JOHNS MODEL It is a structured mode of reflection that provides a practitioner with a guide to gain greater understanding.   In this model of reflection, reflection carried out through the act of sharing of emotions with colleague or a mentor and it provides a faster rate of learning than reflection alone.   In order to achieve reflection looking in on ones thoughts and emotions and looking out at the situation experienced are important steps in this model of reflection.   Mainly five patterns of learning are included in to the guided reflection, that are the practitioners analysis about the aesthetic, personal, ethical, empirical, and the reflexive elements experienced through the situation. REASONS TO PREFER JOHNS MODEL OVER GIBBS MODEL I recommend Johns model of reflection is better than that of Gibbs model because, in Johns model practitioner get an opportunity to share with a colleague or mentor, about their thoughts and emotions of their own and about the situation experienced.   It seems to me that by the sharing of emotions definitely, we will get a clear cut idea about the feelings of the self and about the situation in a faster rate. Looking in and looking out become easier when the structured questions shared between a colleague or an experienced person.   But in Gibbs model of reflection, importance is for the evaluation and analysis of the emotions associated with the situation experienced and there is no sharing of ideas or emotions with anybody.   I feel that with out the sharing of emotions reflection occurs in a slower rate. LEADERSHIP THEORIES Historical development of leadership theories (1900-Present) P.37 The Great man Theory / Trait Theories (1900-1940) Researchers give importance to certain characteristics or personality traits of some people and assume that these traits make them better leaders than others. Moreover the effect of followers and the impact of the situation were ignored. Behavioural   Theories (1940-1980) During human relations era , researchers moved away from studying about the traits of a leader and give importance to their styles of leadership.   A major breakthrough occurred when Lewin(1951) and White and Lippitt (1960) isolated common leadership styles. Later, these styles came to be called authorisation, democratic and laissez-faire. Authorisation which is when the leader takes full control, Democratic is when the leader involves a team approach ; and Laissez-faire where the leader provides little to no direction (Hood, 2010). Situational and Contingency Leadership Theories (1950-1980)   In according to this theory leadership style should vary according to the situation or the individual involved. Authoritarian leadership results in well-defined group actions that are usually predictable, reducing frustration in the work group and giving members a feeling of security.   Productivity is usually high, but creativity, self motivation, and autonomy are reduced.   Authoritarian leadership, useful in crisis situations.  Ã‚   At the same time Democratic leadership, appropriate for groups who work together for extended periods, promotes autonomy and growth in individual workers.   This type of leadership is particularly effective when coordination between groups is necessary.   The Laissez-fair leadership is non directed leadership, the laissez- fair style can be frustrating; group apathy and disinterest can occur. Interactional Leadership Theories (1970-Present) The basic premise of interactional theory is that leadership behaviour is generally determined by the relationship between the leaders personality and the specific situation. To be successful, the leader must diagnose the situation and select appropriate strategies from a large repertoire of skills.   Leadership effectiveness, according to Hollander, requires the ability to use the problem solving process;   maintain group effectiveness; communicate well; demonstrate leader fairness, competence, dependability, and creativity; and develop group identification. Transactional and Transformational Leadership The transactional leader sets goals, give directions, and uses rewards to reinforce employee behaviours associated with meeting or exceeding established goals (Mc Guire and Kennerly,2006, p.180).   Transformational leaders have a view of   the future that will excite and convert potential followers (changingminds.org,2002-2006, para 3). Transformational leadership is defined as, One   who inspires and empowers everyone with the vision of what could be possible (Hood,2010, p 460).  Ã‚   Although transformational qualities are highly desirable, they must be coupled with the more traditional qualities of the day-to-day managerial role.   Both sets of characteristics need to be present in the same person in different degrees.   According to Bass and colleagues, the transformational leader will fail without traditional management skills.   Johns (2004) maintains that transactional traditional leadership is a deliberate process of seeking insight in self and practice in orde r to create conditions that foster the realization of desirable practice.